The complete guide to solar power plants

In recent years, the adoption of renewable energy sources has increased, with solar energy leading the way as the most affordable option. Installing a solar power plant is not only an environmentally friendly choice but also a wise investment to reduce your electricity bill and contribute to a greener future.

If you are thinking about using solar power to reduce your bills, this guide will walk you through the basic steps to install your solar power plant.

How do solar power plants work?
Solar power plants produce electricity using photovoltaic cells that absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity.

When sunlight shines on the solar panel, the photovoltaic cells absorb the energy and create electrical charges, which allow electricity to flow into the solar power plant.

Solar panels, composed of a large number of solar cells, form a solar power plant that is protected by non-reflective glass to ensure protection from external influences.

When choosing solar power plants, important factors are the material of the rooftop, the location of the building, the angle and the shading of the rooftop, and available space on the rooftop for solar panel installation.

Solar power plants guarantee a service life of 25 years (and longer, but with a lower capacity). The return on investment is usually realized in six to eight years, and the use of solar power plants ensures stability from fluctuating electricity prices on a global level.

The customer with its production uses the solar power plant for their needs and sells the excess energy to the public power grid.

How to get your solar power plant?
Informative calculation for the construction of a solar power plant
The first step towards a solar power plant is to fill out the solar calculator, through which you will receive a calculation of the required solar energy for your facility by e-mail.

An informative calculation for your new solar system is made based on the data entered in the solar calculator. The informative calculation includes solar panels and MPPT inverter and all related materials and works necessary for the construction of the solar power plant (supports for panels, cables, and connectors necessary for the construction of the solar power plant, etc.), as well as the creation of the main project.

The formed price of the informative calculation is an estimate, and the final price is received after the preparation of a final commercial and technical offer.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the numerous incentives and subsidies available for solar power plants, which significantly reduce the cost of investment in a solar system.

Collecting the information for the final offer and proposed solution
If you accept the informative calculation, the next step is to send additional data to start the design documentation.

List of documentation and data required for the preparation of a commercial and technical offer with a detailed cost estimate and solar power plant proposal:

personal identification number of the owner
annual consumption of electricity in kWh (scan of the back of the bill if you have an energy card) and, if any, the planned increase in consumption
connection power in kW and type of connection (single-phase or three-phase)
a brief description of your roof (orientation, supporting structure of the roof, age, type of covering material, dimensions)
photo of the building where you want to install the solar power plant (3-5 photos from several angles)
proof of ownership or other real rights (land registry extract)
proof that the building exists in terms of the provisions of the Construction Act (building or use permit
After the submitted documentation, a final offer and solution proposal for your solar project is made.

Creation of the main project
Before the owner applies for approval by HEP, it is necessary to have a completed design plan for the solar power plant.

Project documents include a comprehensive design plan and specifications of solar power plants. They include defining the desired solar power plant, calculations and cost analyses for electricity production, calculations of expected financial savings, and reduction of negative environmental impacts, thanks to the use of renewable energy sources.

Only after creating the main project can you send a request to HEP to check the possibility of connecting a household with its production.

Obtaining the consent of HEP ODS
Investors of solar power plants that are connected to the power grid, after creating the main project, are obliged to submit it to the local HEP ODS together with the Request for checking the possibility of connecting a household with its production.

After receiving the request, HEP ODS is obliged to respond within 15 days.

In case of approval, HEP ODS sends you:

notification about the possibility of a connection
an offer for equipping a household’s billing metering point with its production
network usage agreement
Installation of a two-way meter
After the necessary permits and the installation of the two-way meter, the installers begin the construction of your solar power plant. Upon completion of the construction, it is necessary to fill out and submit the request for a change of household status with its own production.

When HEP ​​ODS confirms the Request, your solar power plant is put into operation.

Installation of a solar power plant
After the necessary permits and the installation of the two-way meter, the installers begin the construction of your solar power plant. Upon completion of the construction, it is necessary to fill out and submit the request for a change of household status with its own production.

When HEP ​​ODS confirms the Request, your solar power plant is put into operation.

Duplico Solar qualified installers
Installing solar power plants is a complex task that requires the necessary expertise. Finding a credible and quality installer (as well as a designer) ensures the successful realization of your solar project.

Trusted experts will perform a detailed analysis of your location to determine the best orientation and placement of solar panels, resulting in optimal absorption of sunlight and maximum yield of electricity.

It is important to note that a quality installer will also provide you with an appropriate warranty on the installed solar system. This guarantee provides you with additional security and protection against possible problems in the operation of the system for a certain period.

Our experts provide complete support, starting from consultation and design to issuing permits and installing the solar power plant.

We install high-quality GoodWe solutions with advanced real-time monitoring features, remote control, and edgeless DAH Solar panels into solar systems.

The first step towards your solar power plant is to fill out the solar calculator, through which you will receive a calculation of the required solar energy by e-mail.

Commercial RO Plants & their benefits

What is osmosis?

It is a natural phenomenon in which water travels from low concentration solution to high concentration solution over a semi-permeable membrane. Water and some ions can pass through the membrane. The procedure is repeated until chemical potential balance is reached on both sides of the membranes.

What is Reverse osmosis?

Reverse osmosis is a technology in which pressure is applied to the side of the high concentration solution and water is forced through a semi-permeable membrane to travel from the high concentration solution to the low concentration solution. Large amounts of impurities are removed from the water with this process.

Technique used in reverse osmosis

Cross filtration is used in reverse osmosis. Water is forced through the filter in this system and exits through two outlets. Pure water or permeate goes through one outlet while tainted or reject water flows through another. Both of them flow in opposite directions. All of the pollutants that are trapped in the filter are removed using the cross filtering procedure. Contaminant build-up is also prevented.

What is a Commercial RO Plant?

In order to treat water, a commercial RO plant uses a membrane to pass a solvent from one area with a high solvent concentration to another where there is a low concentration. It is a synthetic process that requires pushing highly contaminated water through a membrane under pressure.

Contaminant removal from Commercial RO Plants

The first-stage reverse osmosis system is made to clean effluent so that it can be used again. The second stage reverse osmosis unit purifies the first stage concentrate to the level of the requirement. In this arrangement, water is pushed through the filter and out of two outlets. Polluted water exits through one exit while pure water or permeate out through the other.. Using the cross filtration method, all pollutants captured in the filter are removed.

Benefits of a Commercial RO plant

1: It is simple to install and use.

2: We provide punctual maintenance services.

3: It is offered in both standard and bespoke capacities.

4: It has less power usage.

5: It has a complete semi-automatic/automatic operation.

6: It is dependable and secure.

7: It is provided with control panel, powered by a microprocessor.

Application of Commercial RO Plants

A number of businesses, housing societies, hostels, hotels, restaurants and hospitals have benefited from our water treatment market breakthrough. Both small and large businesses and organizations can benefit from our Commercial RO Plants.

Water from our RO plants is clean, filtered, contaminant-free and ideal for use in production, consumption, cleaning, and maintenance. Purifying throwaway water can even help the environment by lowering its carbon footprint.

Manufacturer of best Commercial RO Plants

We customize our RO systems to meet the exact requirements of our customers’ at the most affordable price. We offer fully automatic and semi-automatic solutions, depending on the requirements of our customers. Our Commercial RO Plant is made of stainless steel, making it strong, durable, and effective. These are perfect for a variety of sectors since their product water capacity ranges from 50 LPH to 10,000 LPH and higher.

Air Compressor Buying Guide

What is an Air compressor?
An air compressor is primarily a device that converts power into potential energy stored in the form of pressurized air or compressed air. Unlike other sources of power, it does not involve conversion from another form of energy such as heat at the point of application.

Where is Compressed Air Used?
1)Compressed air can be used in piston displacement. It can also be used to rotate a shaft or it can be used to produce a high-speed jet, like in a paint sprayer.
20Compressed air also provides torque and rotation power for pneumatic tools, such as drills, brushes, nut runners, riveting guns and screwdrivers.

Classification of Air Compressor
Air compressors can be classified as low-pressure compressors (With discharge pressure of 150 psi or less), medium pressure(151-1000 psi) and high-pressure compressors (more than 1000 psi).

Moreover, we can also classify air compressors as:

  • Positive displacement
  • Dynamic positive displacement

In this, a specified amount of air is trapped in a chamber and the volume occupied by it is reduced, to increase the pressure prior to the discharge. The most common types of air positive displacement compressors are found in small and medium-sized industries are rotary screw, vane, and reciprocating compressors.

Dynamic air compressors comprise of centrifugal and axial machines and are used for large manufacturing plants.

How to Choose the Right Air Compressor?

1) Try to analyze the requirements of the air tools that will be used.

Consider the pressure and volume requirements of any tool. For e.g, Heavy-duty tools will require more pressure and thus more volume. If one fails to choose a compressor that is large enough for the intended use, the work efficiency will decrease to a considerable extent.

2) Choose between piston-type and portable compressors:

Piston-type compressors rely on a motor which builds up air pressure when it gets depleted. They store compressed air in tanks.
Portable compressors do not offer tanks and thus run continuously in order to deliver air.

3) Look at the horsepower (HP) of the air compressor.

Range for horsepower on an air compressor is between 1.5 and 6.5 HP which can be used for small and medium-sized applications. Air compressors with larger HP are usually reserved for industrial uses.

4) Try to look at Cubic Feet per Minute or CFM:

CFM measures volumetric flow. The CFM changes in accordance with the psi of the compressor, it implies that the two tools with different psi will not necessarily have CFMs that we can just add together.
If the psi of the tools are different we can then look for Standard CFM (SCFM) at the time of evaluating compressors. Standard CFM is measured as 14.5 PSIA, at 68 °F (20 °C), with 0% relative humidity.

5) Consider your power source:

Depending on the availability of electricity we can opt for a drive system with an electric motor or drive the compressor via gasoline engine.

6) Size of the tank:

If we are using a piston-type compressor we should determine how large our tank should be. If we are operating it for low duty applications, i.e. when using a nail gun we can use one with a small tank. But in case we want to work for extended periods of time a compressor with a large tank would be preferred.

Air Compressor Installation Location
The air compressor should ideally be located as close to the area where the compressed air has to be used. Moreover, it should be located in a dry, clean, cool and well-ventilated area. It should be kept away from dirt, vapor and volatile fumes that may clog the filter and valves.

Ambient temperature conditions can vary depending on the manufacturer and should be first reviewed before purchasing a compressor. Typical ambient conditions generally range from 32˚F to 115˚F.

Compressor Controls and System Performance
Air systems seldom operate at full load all of the time and hence the ability to efficiently control flow is important.

1.Start/Stop –
This is the easiest and most efficient control strategy. It can be applied to either reciprocating or rotary screw compressors. Essentially, the motor driving is turned on or off in response to the discharge pressure of the machine. For generating start/stop signals a pressure switch can be used. This is generally applicable for compressors having a size smaller than 30 horsepower.

2.Load/Unload –
This control mode is sometimes called online/offline control. It keeps the motor running but unloads the compressor when the discharge pressure becomes adequate. Unloaded rotary screw compressors do not produce any compressed air output while it typically consumes 15-35% of their full load power demand.

Variable Displacement:
Some lubricated rotary screw compressors vary their output capacity using special capacity control valves, also called spiral or poppet valves. The output pressure and power consumption of the compressor can be controlled without starting/stopping or loading/unloading the compressor. At points above 60% loading, this control method has good efficiency.
At flows below 40% capacity, one can use pressure switch activated unloading controls to reduce power consumption at lower flows.

Variable Speed Drive (VSD):
As per the air demand, this control method changes the speed of the compressor.
The variable speed drive controls can be equipped with both lubricated and oil-free screw compressors to adjust the drive motor speed as per the demand requirements to maintain constant pressure.

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The Benefits of UPVC Windows & Doors

UPVC or Unplasticised Polyvinylchloride is a standard material used in windows and doors but do you ever consider the advantages of selecting UPVC windows compared other products?

Here are 10 benefits of UPVC windows and doors for your home:

1.Customizable

Typically most UPVC windows, doors and external facias will come in white. However, developments in the manufacturing process have meant homeowners are no longer limited to not only colour but a series of customisable shapes, styles and imitation effects such as wood grain.

Installation companies and manufacturers can now tailor UPVC products to your desired specifications; meaning windows and doors will outfit perfectly into your home or property.

  1. Security
    The security of a property or home is paramount to any window or door installation. This is why UPVC exceeds expectations with an ultra-light yet sturdy frame, used in conjunction with various locking combination and a double glazed pane of glass will prevent an intruder from breaking in.
  2. Insulation
    Energy efficiency is at the front of everyone mind when it comes to new windows and doors and the choice of materials used will impact the warmth and window energy rating of your home.

UPVC is a low conductor of heat meaning when fitted correctly it will form a closed air system minimising the heat loss, experienced by non-insulating materials.

  1. Low Maintenance
    UPVC is a low maintenance material, unlike natural materials which require annual sanding, varnishing and repainting. Windows & doors made from UPVC can last for decades without any sign of weathering, the only upkeep is a wipe down clean with soapy water to prevent staining and remove grim or dirt.
  2. Durability
    The material is incredibly tough meaning the frames can cope against the most extreme elements and are not affected by rot and corrosion which is especially advantageous for properties located near the seaside where high salt content can be problematic. The UPVC coating is also protected against ultraviolet (UV) rays which prevent the material from fading in prolonged sun exposure.
  3. Ventilation
    UPVC windows can come in various window style configurations providing an efficient ventilation system with effective airflow into a room. An effective window configuration is called ’tilt and turn’ which consists of a two-window arrangement which can open in two separate directions providing draft-free ventilation.

When in the tilted position inwards, hot air can escape through the top and side openings while turning the window to open fully can quickly ventilate the atmosphere of an entire room useful for cleaning or refreshing.

Learn more with our window style guide.

  1. Eco-Friendly
    The average life span of UPVC windows can range between 40-80 years and are made from mostly recyclable materials to sustain minimal long-term impact on the environment.

When replacing old windows and doors made from UPVC ask your installer if they will be disposed of accordingly to ensure are recycled, and the materials can be reused in other products such as pipes, plumbing fittings and more.

  1. Weather Resistant
    Weathering is a common problem amongst most materials used on the exterior of a property. UPVC windows and doors do not react with water and air and are not susceptible to the natural elements, meaning a longer life span without ageing.

While UPVC can stand up to the weather and requires less maintenance than naturally occurring counterpart materials such as wood, we recommend taking regular care of any external UPVC installations including soffits and facets to ensure their longevity.

  1. Soundproofing
    The UPVC material works in combination with the double glazed window panels to help decrease the amount of noise that can pass into your home. Most UPVC windows and doors should reduce external noise by up 50% compared traditional counterparts.
  2. Fire retardant
    The building regulation state that units and frames for windows and doors must be made from fire rated materials preventing external fire spread. UPVC is also a material required by the building regulations to adhere to the fire safety protocol, meaning the material will keep the primary route open for 30 mins in the event of a fire incident.